One useful dynamic application of μCs is as analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). ADCs over the years have gone from complete DVMs as instruments to embedded subsystems, to a few components. This ...

Part 2 of this series showed how a dual-slope integrator could fix the major limitations of a single slope converter, and I received several e-mails in response (August 28, p. 18, ED Online 19512).

For at least four decades, dual-slope integrating A-to-D conversion has formed the core of most every digital multimeter and many industrial and instrumentation applications besides. Elegant in its ...