All complex life forms on Earth, including plants and animals, are made up of eukaryotic cells; they are more sophisticated than bacterial or archaeal cells, which are prokaryotic. Eukaryotes have ...

Prokaryotic cells, which include all bacteria and archaea, are ancient, and relatively simple compared to eukaryotic cells, which are found in fungi, plants, and animals. Scientists have long sought ...

Bacteria and archaea use a variety of mechanisms to protect themselves against viral infections and the invasion of other mobile genetic elements such as plasmids. Accordingly, viruses evolve ...

Having considered localization of respiratory functions in mitochondria and in prokaryotic cells, it's time to return to the eukaryotic context and follow a molecule of pyruvate across the inner ...

All modern organisms fall into two classes, eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Eukaryotes (from the Greek meaning “true kernel”) have a cell nucleus that harbours most of the cell’s genetic information and ...

A new study challenges a popular scenario put forward to explain the arrival of the first eukaryotic organisms. In the beginning, there was boredom. Following the emergence of cellular life on earth, ...

A bizarre bacteria has been discovered with an ability previously thought impossible for its kind. This strange discovery could shine a light on how some of our earliest single-celled ancestors formed ...

Researchers think a microbe that was engulfed by an algal cell 100 million years ago has since evolved into an integral part of the cell's machinery. When you purchase through links on our site, we ...

Creatures that existed billions of years before plants and animals poised to become dangerous climate change winners. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission.