Nullish coalescing operator (??) - JavaScript - MDN
Aug 26, 2025 · The nullish coalescing (??) operator is a logical operator that returns its right-hand side operand when its left-hand side operand is null or undefined, and otherwise returns its left-hand side …
?? and ??= operators - null-coalescing operators - C# reference
Jan 24, 2026 · The null-coalescing operator ?? returns the value of its left-hand operand if it's not null. Otherwise, it evaluates the right-hand operand and returns its result. The ?? operator doesn't …
Null coalescing operator - Wikipedia
It is most commonly written as x ?? y, but varies across programming languages. While its behavior differs between implementations, the null coalescing operator generally returns the result of its left …
When should I use ?? (nullish coalescing) vs || (logical OR)?
The OR operator || uses the right value if left is falsy, while the nullish coalescing operator ?? uses the right value if left is null or undefined. These operators are often used to provide a default value if the …
Nullish coalescing operator - The Modern JavaScript Tutorial
Apr 23, 2023 · The operator ?? has a very low precedence, only a bit higher than ? and =, so consider adding parentheses when using it in an expression. It’s forbidden to use it with || or && without …
Null-Coalescing Operator in C# - GeeksforGeeks
Oct 23, 2025 · The null-coalescing operator (??) in C# is used to handle null values efficiently by providing a fallback or default value. It returns the value of its left-hand operand if it is not null, …
Advanced JavaScript Operators – Nullish Coalescing, Optional Chaining ...
Jan 4, 2024 · The optional chaining operator ?. gives you a safe way to access properties and methods of an object, avoiding an error in the process. One of the most common problems in JavaScript is …
C# Null-Conditional (?.) & Null-Coalescing (??) Operators Explained
The null-conditional operator (?.) lets you safely access members of potentially null objects, while the null-coalescing operator (??) provides a concise way to supply default values when encountering nulls.
JavaScript - Nullish Coalescing Operator
The Nullish Coalescing operator in JavaScript is represented by two question marks (??). It takes two operands and returns the first operand if it is not null or undefined.
JavaScript Nullish Coalescing(??) Operator - GeeksforGeeks
Jan 22, 2026 · The nullish coalescing (??) operator is used to handle null and undefined values in JavaScript. It allows you to assign a default value when a variable does not have a valid value.